{"id":2885,"date":"2008-04-10T10:30:37","date_gmt":"2008-04-10T07:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/?p=2885"},"modified":"2014-05-21T01:37:26","modified_gmt":"2014-05-20T22:37:26","slug":"sosyal-guvenlik-sistemi-nereye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/?p=2885","title":{"rendered":"SOSYAL G\u00dcVENL\u0130K S\u0130STEM\u0130 NEREYE?"},"content":{"rendered":"

SOSYAL G\u00dcVENL\u0130K S\u0130STEM\u0130 NEREYE?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, son birka\u00e7 ayd\u0131r sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeleri tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Asl\u0131na bakarsan\u0131z sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sisteminin de \u2018reform\u2019 1980\u2019li y\u0131llardan beri t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcndeminde, \u00fclkemizin g\u00fcndemine ise 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan sonra girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1980 sonras\u0131nda kapitalist sistem i\u00e7ersinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan neo-liberal ideolojinin ve politikalar\u0131n bir sonucu olarak sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemine bak\u0131\u015fta k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik ya\u015fand\u0131. Sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sisteminin ve onun alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan sosyal devletin tasfiye s\u00fcreciydi bu de\u011fi\u015fim! Bug\u00fcn AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n \u2018sa\u011fl\u0131kta d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik reformu\u2019 tasar\u0131s\u0131 da bu politika de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin bir sonucu olarak g\u00fcndeme geldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>SOSYAL G\u00dcVENL\u0130K S\u0130STEM\u0130N\u0130N D\u00dcN\u00dc BUG\u00dcN\u00dc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131 kapitalist sistemle birlikte tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kan bir kavram. Bireylerin ekonomik ve sosyal ya\u015famlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin riskler tarihin her d\u00f6neminde var oldu. Ancak, kapitalizm \u00f6ncesi toplumlarda bu riskler ya aile, klan ve kabile i\u00e7inde ya da din kurumu taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen kurallar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde giderildi. Ekonomik ve sosyal risklerin ilk kez bir devlet organizasyonu eliyle d\u00fczenlenmesi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, kapitalizmle birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kapitalizm ve ona e\u015flik eden piyasa ekonomisinin \u2018 B\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z yaps\u0131nlar, b\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z ge\u00e7sinler\u2019 ideolojisi, e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ve yoksullu\u011fu yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Piramidin alt\u0131nda kalan sosyal tabakalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda ciddi bir kabarmaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131. K\u0131rsalda kopup gelen ve kentlerin varo\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 dolduran <\/span><\/p>\n

a\u015fs\u0131z, i\u015fsiz, hi\u00e7bir g\u00fcvencesi olmayan insanlar\u0131n durumu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r ve elveri\u015fsiz ko\u015fullar\u0131, bunun yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 dramatik tablo sermaye \u00e7evrelerini \u00fcrk\u00fctmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Giderek kalabal\u0131kla\u015fan bu n\u00fcfusun en az\u0131ndan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn mass edilmesi gerekiyordu. Sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131, buna ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerden s\u00f6z edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131 da b\u00f6ylece ilk kez tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131na ve meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bu ilk d\u00fczenlemeleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131na ili\u015fkin ba\u015fka d\u00fczenlemeler izledi\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1917\u2019de sosyalizmin tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sorununu ve sosyal devleti kapitalist sistem i\u00e7in daha elle tutulur kavramlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keynesyen ekonomi politikalar\u0131n egemen oldu\u011fu bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te kapitalist sistem kendini sosyal bir devlet, bir refah devleti olarak sunmak zorunda kald\u0131. Devlet, piyasan\u0131n dengesi bozuldu\u011funda ya da e\u015fitsizlik ve yoksulluk yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale ediyor, sistemi bu \u015fekilde g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131yordu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Devletin ekonomik ve sosyal ya\u015famda etkin rol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nem 1980\u2019li y\u0131llara kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>NEO-L\u0130BERAL POL\u0130T\u0130KALAR VE SOSYAL DEVLET\u0130N TASF\u0130YES\u0130<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1980 sonras\u0131nda ise d\u00fcnyada yeni bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flad\u0131.1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda ortaya<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00e7\u0131kan ve giderek derinle\u015fen kriz o g\u00fcne kadar izlenen ekonomi politikalar\u0131n yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Devletin ekonomiye ve sosyal ya\u015fama m\u00fcdahalesi krizin temel nedeni olarak ilan edildi. Kapitalizm art\u0131k k\u00fcresel bir sisteme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu ve sistemin yeni ideolojisi ise neo-liberalizmdi. Bu yeni ideoloji, devletin sosyal ya\u015fama d\u00f6n\u00fck harcamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, ekonomiye m\u00fcdahalesini zararl\u0131 buluyordu. Devletin ekonomiden elini \u00e7ekmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6ylem devletin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclmesi giri\u015fimlerinin slogan\u0131 haline geldi. Ba\u015fta ABD\u2019de ve \u0130ngiltere olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm kapitalist d\u00fcnyada devleti neo-liberal ideoloji do\u011frultusunda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclten d\u00fczenlemelere gidildi. Sosyal harcamalar sistemin kara delikleri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye, b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n, ekonomilerin k\u00f6t\u00fc gidi\u015flerinin gerek\u00e7eleri sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemine yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda aranmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu nedenle sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sisteminde radikal d\u00fczenlemelere gidilerek sosyal harcamalar alabildi\u011fine k\u0131s\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda reel sosyalizmin tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmesiyle birlikte, sosyal devletin tasfiyesine d\u00f6n\u00fck s\u00fcre\u00e7 daha bir ivme kazand\u0131. Tek kutuplu hale gelen d\u00fcnyada sosyal haklar\u0131 budayan politikalar daha f\u00fctursuzca uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019de Thatcher h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ilk yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulama sosyal harcamalar\u0131n ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelir gruplar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck programlar\u0131n tasfiye edilmesi oldu. Ayn\u0131 program ABD\u2019de de benzeri \u015fekilde uyguland\u0131. Sosyal devletin tasfiyesine d\u00f6n\u00fck program geli\u015fmekte olan, az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde ise \u00e7ok daha radikal d\u00fczenlemelerle g\u00fcndeme geldi. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 gibi uluslar aras\u0131 finans kurumlar\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te etkin bir rol \u00fcstlendiler.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019nca geli\u015ftirilen \u2018Yeni sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemi modeli\u2019 \u00f6zellikle geli\u015fmekte olan ya da az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde uygulanabilir tip bir model olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131, ulusal h\u00fck\u00fcmetler ise bu modeli sosyal g\u00fcvenlikte reform yada devrim olarak yutturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar kendi halklar\u0131na\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Program \u015eili, Meksika ve Bulgaristan\u2019da denendi. Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 tek kelimeyle y\u0131k\u0131m oldu. \u015eimdi ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ve kom\u015fumuz Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcndeminde\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>SOSYAL G\u00dcVENL\u0130K S\u0130STEM\u0130 VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1980 <\/em>sonras\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya egemen olmaya ba\u015flayan neo-liberal politikalar\u0131n \u00fclkemize yans\u0131mas\u0131 24 ocak 1980 kararlar\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.12 eyl\u00fcl darbesiyle siyasal partiler, sendikalar, demokratik kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctleri kapat\u0131ld\u0131, sosyal haklar budanarak \u00fclke k\u00fcresel sistemle entegrasyon s\u00fcrecine sokuldu. Devletin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi slogan\u0131 \u00d6zalizm\u2019le birlikte \u00fclkenin g\u00fcndemine oturdu. Ekonomik ve sosyal ya\u015famla ilgili yap\u0131sal pek \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gidildi. Bunu e\u011fitimde ve sa\u011fl\u0131kta \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131 izledi<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar \u00f6zellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin g\u00fcndeme getirildi\u011fi y\u0131llard\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131kta d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn o d\u00f6nemki ad\u0131 ise \u2018Mega Reform Projesi\u2019 idi. \u015ea\u015faal\u0131 bas\u0131n toplant\u0131lar\u0131, m\u00fcltivizyon g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri ile g\u00fcndem edilmi\u015fti<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yine, 1999\u2019da 57. h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00f6neminde sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemine d\u00f6n\u00fck bir d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sosyal haklar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayan bu d\u00fczenleme ile emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131 kad\u0131nlarda 58\u2019e, erkeklerde ise 60\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Emeklili\u011fe esas olan prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 ise 5000 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcnden 7000 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u2018reform\u2019 ad\u0131m\u0131na ise sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemindeki t\u0131kanma, gerek\u00e7e olarak g\u00f6sterildi, bu kurumlar\u0131n bilin\u00e7li olarak t\u00fcketilmesinden ise hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z edilmedi. Ayr\u0131ca t\u0131kanan kapitalist sistemin kendisiydi, sosyal devleti tasfiye ederek bu t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fmak istiyordu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm program\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc de yine sosyal devletin tasfiye edilmesidir. Program esas itibariyle bir D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 projesidir. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada uygulamaya sokulan bu modelin alt\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve IMF\u2019nin imzas\u0131 var.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

21 Haziran 2004\u2019te bas\u0131na da yans\u0131yan D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 Raporunda;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– Emekli ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n vergilendirilmesi<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ayl\u0131k ba\u011flama oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– Emekli ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi \u00f6nerileri yer al\u0131yordu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bunlar D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sosyal g\u00fcvenlik modelinin parametreleri\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Peki AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kta d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik reformu projesinin temel parametreleri neler?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– Emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckselterek ve prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak emeklilik s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ayl\u0131k ba\u011flama oranlar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcncelleme katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131larak emekli ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– Prim \u00f6deyenin ancak sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinden yararlanabilmesi, \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fvik edilerek sa\u011fl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– Sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan kamusal kaynaklar\u0131n \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne ak\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi AKP\u2019nin sa\u011fl\u0131kta d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik reformu tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temel parametreleri ile D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n parametreleri neredeyse bire bir \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Bu bir tesad\u00fcf m\u00fc? Elbetteki de\u011fil. Ba\u015fta da s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda d\u00fcnya bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve IMF\u2019nin imzas\u0131 var.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7isi, emek\u00e7isi, emeklisi, esnaf\u0131, \u00e7ift\u00e7isi, eczac\u0131s\u0131, hekimi, m\u00fchendisi, genci, ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131s\u0131yla bu \u00fclkenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve \u00fcreten milyonlarca insan\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek bir sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik reformuna ihtiyac\u0131 var.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fcze konan Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sigortas\u0131 Yasa Tasar\u0131s\u0131 ise \u2018reform\u2019 de\u011fil sa\u011fl\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131na, sosyal haklar\u0131n budanmas\u0131na, sosyal devletin tasfiyesine d\u00f6n\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131m projedir. Mutab\u0131k de\u011filiz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu parametrelere itiraz\u0131m\u0131z var!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SOSYAL G\u00dcVENL\u0130K S\u0130STEM\u0130 NEREYE?\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye, son birka\u00e7 ayd\u0131r sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeleri tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Asl\u0131na bakarsan\u0131z sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecz-rafet-sahin"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2885","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2885"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2885\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3991,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2885\/revisions\/3991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}