{"id":3384,"date":"2008-03-31T11:16:02","date_gmt":"2008-03-31T08:16:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/?p=3384"},"modified":"2008-03-31T11:16:02","modified_gmt":"2008-03-31T08:16:02","slug":"cocuklarda-bazi-oksuruk-soguk-alginligi-ilaclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/?p=3384","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7OCUKLARDA BAZI \u00d6KS\u00dcR\u00dcK, SO\u011eUK ALGINLI\u011eI \u0130LA\u00c7LARI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"left\"><strong><u>&Ccedil;OCUKLARDA SIK KULLANILAN BAZI &Ouml;KS&Uuml;R&Uuml;K VE SO\u011eUK ALGINLI\u011eI \u0130LA&Ccedil;LARI HAKKINDA G&Uuml;NCEL UYARI&nbsp;<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong><u>Haz\u0131rlayan :<\/u><br \/>Prof. Dr. Levent &Uuml;ST&Uuml;NES<br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">T&uuml;rk Eczac\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Merkez Heyeti &Uuml;yesi<br \/>Ege &Uuml;niversitesi Eczac\u0131l\u0131k Fak&uuml;ltesi Farmakoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131 &Ouml;\u011fretim &Uuml;yesi<\/p>\n<p>28 Mart 2008 tarihinde baz\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve g&ouml;rsel bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131n organlar\u0131nda &ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k ve so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131n k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k &ccedil;ocuklardaki g&uuml;venirlik ve etkinli\u011fine ili\u015fkin kamuoyunda endi\u015fe yaratan baz\u0131 haberler yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131 ilgili kamuoyunu ve sa\u011fl\u0131k &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmak amac\u0131yla haberlerin kaynak ve i&ccedil;y&uuml;z&uuml;n&uuml; a&ccedil;\u0131klamak &uuml;zere haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ngiltere&rsquo;de Pediatri \u0130la&ccedil;lar\u0131 Uzman Dan\u0131\u015fma Grubu (Paediatric Medicines Expert Advisory Group) ve \u0130nsan \u0130la&ccedil;lar\u0131 Komisyonu (Commission on Human Medicines) &nbsp;son g&uuml;nlerde &ccedil;ocuklarda kullan\u0131lan &ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k ve so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131n etkinlik ve g&uuml;venirli\u011fini yeniden de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir (1, 2). Bu de\u011ferlendirme Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Besin ve \u0130la&ccedil; Y&ouml;netimi (FDA)&rsquo;n\u0131n bu grup ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n &ccedil;ocuklardaki g&uuml;venirli\u011fi hakk\u0131ndaki son tavsiyesi &uuml;zerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (3). FDA, 1 Ocak 2008 tarihinde yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n a&ccedil;\u0131klamas\u0131 ile &ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k ve so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131n 2 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki &ccedil;ocuklarda, nadiren de olsa &ouml;l&uuml;m, konv&uuml;lziyonlar, kalp h\u0131z\u0131nda artma ve bilin&ccedil;te azalma gibi ciddi ters reaksiyonlara yol a&ccedil;abilece\u011fini bildirmi\u015ftir. FDA yetkilileri, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavi etmeksizin sadece belirtilerini gideren bu ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n, 2 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki &ccedil;ocuklardaki g&uuml;venirlik ve etkinli\u011finin kan\u0131tlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015flerdir. <\/p>\n<p>Komisyon, \u0130ngiltere&rsquo;deki verilerin ABD&rsquo;de g&ouml;r&uuml;len kadar y&uuml;ksek d&uuml;zeyde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmekle birlikte, Sar\u0131 Kart uyar\u0131 sistemi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla 2 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k &ccedil;ocuklarda &ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k ve so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili be\u015f &ouml;l&uuml;m raporu (ilki 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda) bildirilmi\u015ftir (2). Ayr\u0131ca, komisyon bu grup ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n &ccedil;ocuklarda etkili oldu\u011funu g&ouml;steren g&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml; delillerin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat &ccedil;ekmi\u015ftir. Komisyon raporunda, bu ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n seyrini etkilemedi\u011fi, en fazla semptomatik (belirtilere y&ouml;nelik) iyile\u015fme sa\u011flayabilecekleri belirtilmi\u015ftir (2). <\/p>\n<p>\u0130ngiltere&rsquo;de halen re&ccedil;etesiz olarak sat\u0131lmakta olan bu ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m talimatlar\u0131nda ya\u015fa g&ouml;re verilmesi gereken doz bilgileri bulunur ve bu ila&ccedil;lar eczac\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, ana babalar ve &ccedil;ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu olanlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 etken maddeyi i&ccedil;eren farkl\u0131 ila&ccedil; preparatlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015f zamanl\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doz riskinin fark\u0131na varamayabilecekleri d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;n&uuml;lmektedir. \u0130ki ya\u015f\u0131ndan k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k &ccedil;ocuklar\u0131n v&uuml;cut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k olmas\u0131 bu tip doz hatalar\u0131ndan kaynaklanabilecek ciddi ters etkilerin g&ouml;r&uuml;lme riskini artt\u0131r\u0131r. Bu nedenle, \u0130ngiltere&rsquo;de hem Pediatri \u0130la&ccedil;lar\u0131 Uzman Dan\u0131\u015fma Grubu hem \u0130nsan \u0130la&ccedil;lar\u0131 Komisyonu, eldeki bulgulara dayanarak, bundan sonra &ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k ve so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131n iki ya\u015f\u0131ndan k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k &ccedil;ocuklara verilmesinin uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015flerdir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u0130nsan ila&ccedil;lar\u0131 Komisyonu 2-6 ya\u015f aras\u0131 &ccedil;ocuklarda bu gruba giren ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m bilgilerinin g&uuml;ncellenmesi gerekti\u011fini bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Doktor ve eczac\u0131lara &ouml;neriler:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ana babalar ve &ccedil;ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu kimseler, &ccedil;ocuklarda &ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k ve so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 semptomlar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i&ccedil;in sadece parasetamol veya ibuprofen i&ccedil;eren ila&ccedil; preparatlar\u0131; basit &ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k ila&ccedil;lar\u0131 (&ouml;rne\u011fin, gliserin veya bal ve limon i&ccedil;erenler); buharla\u015fan pomat veya inhalasyonla uygulanan dekonjestanlar (bebe\u011fin giysilerine tatbik edilenler) ve &ouml;zellikle bebeklerde, serum fizyolojikli burun damlalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak &uuml;zere te\u015fvik edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da say\u0131lan etken maddeleri i&ccedil;eren re&ccedil;etesiz &ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k ve so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ila&ccedil;lar\u0131 2 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki &ccedil;ocuklarda kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bromfeniramin, klorfeniramin ve difenhidramin (antihistaminikler)<br \/>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dekstrometorfan ve folkodin (antitussifler)<br \/>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Guafenezin ve ipeka (ekspektoranlar)<br \/>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fenilefrin, ps&ouml;doefedrin, eferin, oksimetazolin ve ksilometazolin (dekonjestanlar)<\/p>\n<p>&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2-6 ya\u015f aras\u0131 &ccedil;ocuklarda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilen aktif maddeleri i&ccedil;eren ila&ccedil; preparatlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m talimatlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da say\u0131lan \u015fu bilgileri i&ccedil;erecek \u015fekilde g&uuml;ncellenecektir:<br \/>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; G&uuml;nl&uuml;k maksimum(en y&uuml;ksek) doz<br \/>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Birlikte di\u011fer &ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k ve so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi hakk\u0131nda uyar\u0131 notu<br \/>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ana babalar ve &ccedil;ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu bak\u0131c\u0131lara, bu ila&ccedil;lar\u0131 &ccedil;ocu\u011fa vermeden &ouml;nce bir eczac\u0131 veya doktora dan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y&ouml;n&uuml;nde talimat<br \/>&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k ve so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ila&ccedil;lar\u0131 iki ya\u015f\u0131ndan b&uuml;y&uuml;k &ccedil;ocuklarda belirtilen doza dikkatle uyulmak ve bu doz a\u015f\u0131lmamak kayd\u0131yla g&uuml;venli kabul edilmektedir. Farkl\u0131 ticari ada sahip ila&ccedil; preparatlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 etkin madde(leri) i&ccedil;erebileceklerinden, ana babalar ve &ccedil;ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu olanlar &ccedil;ocu\u011fa e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak birden fazla &ouml;ks&uuml;r&uuml;k ve so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilac\u0131 vermemeleri konusunda bilgilendirilmeli ve uyar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>KAYNAKLAR<br \/>(1)FDA Releases Recommendations Regarding Use of Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Products Products should not be used in children under 2 years of age; evaluation continues in older populations. 17 Ocak 2008. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/bbs\/topics\/NEWS\/2008\/NEW01778.html\"><u><font color=\"#0000ff\">http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/bbs\/topics\/NEWS\/2008\/NEW01778.html<\/font><\/u><\/a>; <\/p>\n<p>(2)Press release: Updated advice &#8211; Over-the-counter cough and cold medicines for young children The Commission on Human Medicines (CHM) has reviewed over-the-counter (OTC) products used for treating cough and colds in children, and has advised that certain medicines should no longer be used in children under the age of two. 27 Mar 2008. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mhra.gov.uk\/NewsCentre\/Pressreleases\/CON014446\"><u><font color=\"#0000ff\">http:\/\/www.mhra.gov.uk\/NewsCentre\/Pressreleases\/CON014446<\/font><\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p>(3)Over-the-counter cough and cold medicines for young children &#8211; Urgent clarification notice. We have published an urgent clarification notice with reference to our updated advice on over-the-counter cough and cold medicines for young children. 27 Mart 2008. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mhra.gov.uk\/NewsCentre\/CON014457\"><u><font color=\"#0000ff\">http:\/\/www.mhra.gov.uk\/NewsCentre\/CON014457<\/font><\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&Ccedil;OCUKLARDA SIK KULLANILAN BAZI &Ouml;KS&Uuml;R&Uuml;K VE SO\u011eUK ALGINLI\u011eI \u0130LA&Ccedil;LARI HAKKINDA G&Uuml;NCEL UYARI&nbsp; Haz\u0131rlayan :Prof. Dr. Levent &Uuml;ST&Uuml;NES T&uuml;rk Eczac\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ced"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3384"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}