{"id":4505,"date":"2014-09-16T19:41:19","date_gmt":"2014-09-16T16:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/?p=4505"},"modified":"2014-09-16T19:41:46","modified_gmt":"2014-09-16T16:41:46","slug":"bagimliliktoplumsal-mucadele-alanina-donusturulmelidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/?p=4505","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k,Toplumsal M\u00fccadele Alan\u0131na D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir!"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

15 Eyl\u00fcl 2014 Pazartesi<\/p>\n

Mevcut tedavi merkezleri say\u0131, yatak ve uzman say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetersizdir.<\/p>\n

Dr Erg\u00fcn DEM\u0130R*\u00a0 Dr G\u00fcray KILI\u00c7**
\n* \u0130zmir Tabip Odas\u0131 Hekim Meclisi \u00fcyesi, **\u0130stanbul Tabip Odas\u0131 TTB delegesi<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.muhalefet.org\/haber-bagimliliktoplumsal-mucadele-alanina-donusturulmelidir-0-12071.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu y\u0131l madde kullananlar aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle sentetik kimyasal madde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve son zamanlarda \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7lerde \u201cbonzai\u201d kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonras\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6l\u00fcm vaka haberlerinin medyada s\u0131kl\u0131kla yer almas\u0131 ile toplumda neler oluyor sorusu s\u0131k sorulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

TUB\u0130M (T\u00fcrkiye Uyu\u015fturucu ve Uyu\u015fturucu Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130zleme Merkezi) 2013 T\u00fcrkiye Uyu\u015fturucu Raporu ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu alandaki mevcut durum verilerini, Devlet Denetleme Kurulunun \u2018\u2019Madde ve di\u011fer ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar ile m\u00fccadele kapasitesinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi\u2019\u2019 hakk\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan 30.01.2014 tarih ve 2014\/2 say\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme raporunda tespit ettikleri eksiklikler ve \u00f6neriler ile bu alana ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan\u00a0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015farak \u2018\u2019Neler Oluyor\u2019\u2019 sorusuna birlikte cevap arayal\u0131m!<\/p>\n

Dr Erg\u00fcn DEM\u0130R*\u00a0 Dr G\u00fcray KILI\u00c7**
\n* \u0130zmir Tabip Odas\u0131 Hekim Meclisi \u00fcyesi, **\u0130stanbul Tabip Odas\u0131 TTB delegesi.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Toplumsal M\u00fccadele Alan\u0131na D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir!\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
\nToplumsal sahiplenme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele k\u0131smi ama\u00e7larla ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7lerle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir \u00e7abaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekte, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunu ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131n ve bunlar\u0131n ailelerinin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ve katland\u0131klar\u0131 bir sorun haline gelmektedir<\/p>\n

Her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l madde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve madde kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili sorunlar\u0131n boyutu artarak devam etmektedir<\/p>\n

Uyu\u015fturucu madde kullan\u0131m yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>
\nGenel n\u00fcfusun ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na g\u00f6re ya\u015fam boyu uyu\u015fturucu madde kullanma durumlar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131,<\/p>\n

\"\"
\n\u00dclkemizde ya\u015fam boyu uyu\u015fturucu madde kullanma oran\u0131n\u0131n istatistik\u00ee verilerde % 2,7 oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Uzmanlar, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yakalanma oranlar\u0131n\u0131n istatistiklere yans\u0131yan oranlardan daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu, problemli madde kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmak istememeleri nedeniyle tedavi merkezlerindeki yatarak tedavi olan uyu\u015fturucu kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na ait resmi rakamlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir pop\u00fcl\u00e2syonu temsil etti\u011fini belirtmektedirler. (Akg\u00fcl, 2013).<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k tedavi merkezlerinde tedavi g\u00f6ren yatan hastalara ili\u015fkin verilerde; tedavi g\u00f6ren hastalar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri:<\/p>\n

Tedavi Merkezlerinden Hizmet Alan Ki\u015fi Say\u0131s\u0131:
\n2012 Poliklinik Say\u0131s\u0131 Toplam 187.329
\n2012 Yatan Hasta Say\u0131s\u0131 Toplam 5.845
\n(Kaynak: Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 2013)<\/p>\n

Yatarak tedavi g\u00f6ren hastalar\u0131n ikamet ettikleri iller incelendi\u011finde; en y\u00fcksek vaka say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6\u00e7 alan ve n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funun oldu\u011fu iller (\u0130stanbul, Adana, Mersin, Antalya, Gaziantep, \u0130zmir, Kayseri, Konya) oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Madde kullanmaya ba\u015flama ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n giderek d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, gen\u00e7lerde madde kullan\u0131m s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Tedavi G\u00f6ren Ki\u015filerin Ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Tedaviye ba\u015fvuran hastalar\u0131n 20-29 ya\u015f grubu aras\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.20-29 ya\u015f grubundaki hastalar\u0131n toplam hastalara oran\u0131 %53\u2019d\u00fcr (2.503). Tedavi g\u00f6ren ki\u015filerin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ki\u015finin ya\u015f\u0131 11 en b\u00fcy\u00fck ki\u015finin ya\u015f\u0131 71\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

En k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck deneme ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 10, en b\u00fcy\u00fck deneme ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 67 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Maddeyi ilk deneme ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 15-24 ya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130lk deneme ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n %10\u2019nun 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n

Erken ya\u015fta maddeye ba\u015flayanlarda \u00e7oklu madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fme riski daha fazlad\u0131r.
\nErken ya\u015fta madde kullan\u0131m\u0131, e\u011fitimin yar\u0131m kalmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ta meslek edinemeyip i\u015fsizli\u011fi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmakta, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n su\u00e7la ve su\u00e7 ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7evreyle tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde \u00e7ocu\u011fun maddeden uzakla\u015fmas\u0131 zorla\u015fmakta ve \u00e7oklu madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fme riski artmakta, psikotik bozukluk gibi ciddi psikiyatrik hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tedavi g\u00f6ren hastalar\u0131n; %70,6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n (3.332), ilk ve orta\u00f6\u011fretim mezunu,\u00a0 %21,9\u2019unun (1.033) lise mezunu, %5,2\u2019sinin (244) y\u00fcksekokul mezunu,\u00a0 %2,4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn (111) hi\u00e7 okula gitmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nBireylerin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k nedeniyle sekteye u\u011frayan e\u011fitim ve meslek hayatlar\u0131na devam\u0131n\u0131 temin edecek programlar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Madde kullan\u0131m sorunu toplumun t\u00fcm kesimini etkilemekle birlikte i\u015fsiz\/yoksul kesimini daha \u00e7ok etkiledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tedavi g\u00f6ren ki\u015filer i\u015f durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re; %59\u2019unun (2.783) i\u015fsiz oldu\u011fu, %30,3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn(1.431) d\u00fczenli bir i\u015fi oldu\u011fu,%2,5\u2019inin(120) \u00f6\u011frenci oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nYoksulluk, i\u015fsizlik, g\u00fcvencesizlik, alkol ve madde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren bir\u00e7ok psikiyatrik hastal\u0131kla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Madde kullan\u0131m sorunu sosyoekonomik anlamda geride kalm\u0131\u015f kesimlerin sorunu olarak alg\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015flama nedenleri aras\u0131nda arkada\u015f etkisinin %41 merak\u0131n %26 saptanmas\u0131 \u00e7ocuklara y\u00f6nelik e\u011fitimin \u00f6nemini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uyu\u015fturucu madde kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi g\u00f6zlenmektedir.
\nDo\u011frudan Uyu\u015fturucu Madde Ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6l\u00fcmler (MB\u00d6); 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda 105 do\u011frudan MB\u00d6 olay\u0131 meydana gelirken, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda %54,3 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stererek 162\u2019ye y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Kaynak: Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Adli T\u0131p Kurumu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2013<\/p>\n

Dolayl\u0131 Uyu\u015fturucu Madde Ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6l\u00fcmler; 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda 260, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda 163 dolayl\u0131 MB\u00d6 olgusu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. . Dolayl\u0131 MB\u00d6\u2019lerin, olgular\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm nedenlerine g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 incelendi\u011finde;\u00a0 en s\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeni kalp, damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup, s\u0131kl\u0131k s\u0131ras\u0131yla; ate\u015fli silah yaralanmas\u0131, kesici-delici alet yaralanmas\u0131, trafik kazas\u0131, y\u00fcksekten d\u00fc\u015fme ve suda bo\u011fulma \u015feklinde devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Uyu\u015fturucu kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yeti yitimlerine, ya\u015famlar\u0131n dramatik bir \u015fekilde kararmas\u0131na, bireyin ve toplumun refah d\u00fczeyinin d\u00fc\u015fmesine, madde ile ilintili su\u00e7 ve kazalar\u0131n, enfeksiyon hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Ticareti yap\u0131lan, al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131lan sadece uyu\u015fturucu maddeler de\u011fil, bireylerin hayat\u0131, toplumun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, refah\u0131, moral de\u011ferleri ve bilin\u00e7leridir.
\n
\nMevcut tedavi merkezleri say\u0131, yatak ve uzman say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetersizdir.<\/p>\n

2012 verilerine g\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k tedavisi yapan 25 tedavi merkezi bulunmaktad\u0131r ve toplam 678 hasta yata\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bunun 457 adedi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 hastanelerde, 221 adedi ise \u00fcniversite ve \u00f6zel hastaneler b\u00fcnyesinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Tan\u0131mlanan bu kapasite alkol ve madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavisi i\u00e7in toplam say\u0131d\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tedavi g\u00f6ren ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hastalar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %70\u2019i, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 merkezlerde tedavi g\u00f6rmekte ve tedavi giderleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumunca kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. (Kaynak: T\u00fcrkiye Uyu\u015fturucu ve Uyu\u015fturucu Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130zleme Merkezi, 2013.)
\nMadde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavisinin uzun s\u00fcrelidir. Tedavi merkezlerinde yatarak tedavide temel olarak ar\u0131nd\u0131rma tedavisi uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Ar\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u00e7in tedavi s\u00fcresi ortalama 3 hafta kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k merkezleri emek yo\u011fun bir alan olup sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmet sunumunu terapist, hem\u015fire, psikolog, sosyal hizmet uzman\u0131, doktor, e\u011fitmen bir ekip i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak yaparlar. \u00dclkemizde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131 ile u\u011fra\u015fmak zor, zahmetli olup cazip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu alanda i\u015f \u00fcreten katk\u0131 koyan insan g\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan akademik\/sa\u011fl\u0131k personel say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u2019Tedavi merkezlerinin mevcut kapasitesi ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaktan uzakt\u0131r. Tedavi ba\u015fvurular\u0131na bazen aylar sonra cevap verilebilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, maddi, idari ve teknik kapasite yetersizlikleri nedeniyle ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bireylerin tedavi sonras\u0131 bak\u0131m ve rehabilitasyonu i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan hizmetler gerekti\u011fi \u015fekilde verilememekte, hastan\u0131n tedavi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olsa bile yeniden ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelme riski y\u00fckselmektedir\u2019\u2019 belirtilmektedir. (Devlet Denetleme Kurulunun Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme raporu 2014\/2)
\nTedavinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan rehabilitasyon hizmetlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.
\nTedavinin etkili ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 isteniyorsa, uyu\u015fturucu madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131bbi tedavisi sonras\u0131nda ve topluma yeniden kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, rehabilitasyon hizmetlerinin\/programlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc hizmetlerinden yararland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, sosyal uyum projelerine \u00f6ncelik verilmesi gerekmektedir. (Kaynak: T\u00fcrkiye Uyu\u015fturucu ve Uyu\u015fturucu Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130zleme Merkezi, 2013.)<\/p>\n

Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda sosyal destek sistemleri ve rehabilitasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 istenilen d\u00fczeyde de\u011fildir. Bireyler, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulmalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda hayata yeniden tutunma ve toplumsal ya\u015famla kuvvetli ba\u011flar kurma konusunda yeterince desteklenememektedir. (Devlet Denetleme Kurulunun Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme raporu 2014\/2)<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131n tedavisi i\u00e7in \u00f6demeler SGK\u2019n\u0131n Sa\u011fl\u0131k Uygulama Tebli\u011fi\u2019ne g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131rken, s\u00f6z konusu tebli\u011fde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131n tedavi sonras\u0131 rehabilitasyon ile ilgili herhangi bir harcama kalemi yer almamaktad\u0131r. Rehabilitasyon s\u00fcrecinin, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k tedavi s\u00fcrecinde oldu\u011fu gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k uygulama tebli\u011finde de yer almas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir su\u00e7 de\u011fil tedavi edilebilen ciddi bir halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunudur!<\/p>\n

Uyu\u015fturucu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 toplumsal m\u00fccadele..<\/strong>
\nToplumsal sahiplenme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n olu\u015fan ortamda ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele, sadece talep azalt\u0131m\u0131 ve arz azalt\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelen k\u0131smi ama\u00e7larla ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7lerle devlet taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir \u00e7abaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekte; ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunu ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131n ve bunlar\u0131n ailelerinin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ve katland\u0131klar\u0131 bir sorun haline gelmektedir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele alan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman toplumsal bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir.(Devlet Denetleme Kurulunun Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme raporu 2014\/2)
\nBa\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadelenin merkeziyet\u00e7ilikten ziyade yerel kaynak ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 esas alan, \u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rl\u00fc, b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir. Bu soruna \u00e7ok boyutlu yakla\u015fmak gerekti\u011finden, planlaman\u0131n tek bir kurum veya merkez taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ba\u015fta meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ve uzmanl\u0131k dernekleri olmak \u00fczere ilgili t\u00fcm yerel payda\u015flar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 daha do\u011frudur. (Devlet Denetleme Kurulunun Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme raporu 2014\/2)<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7 OLARAK;\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>
\nTUB\u0130M 2013 T\u00fcrkiye Uyu\u015fturucu Raporundaki veriler, Devlet Denetleme Kurulunun \u2018\u2019Madde ve di\u011fer ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar ile m\u00fccadele kapasitesinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi\u2019\u2019 hakk\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme raporunda belirtilen \u00f6neriler ile bu alana ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda;<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 Her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l madde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve madde kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili sorunlar\u0131n boyutunun artarak devam etti\u011fi,
\n–\u00a0\u00a0 Madde kullanmaya ba\u015flama ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n giderek d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, gen\u00e7lerde madde kullan\u0131m s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n son y\u0131llarda toplumun daha gen\u00e7 bir kesimini etkilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,<\/p>\n

–\u00a0 Madde kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumun t\u00fcm kesimini etkilemekle birlikte i\u015fsiz\/yoksul kesimleri daha \u00e7ok etkiledi\u011fi, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim d\u00fczeyi d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck\u00e7e madde kullan\u0131m sorunu olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131,
\n–\u00a0 Uyu\u015fturucu madde kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi,<\/p>\n

–\u00a0 Son y\u0131llarda yeni AMATEM\u2019lerin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na ve yatak say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen mevcut tedavi merkezleri say\u0131, yatak ve uzman say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetersiz oldu\u011fu,
\n( Bu duruma ra\u011fmen \u0130zmir EGEBAM, Ankara Gazi \u00dcnv. AMATEM kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/p>\n

– Uyu\u015fturucu maddeyi ilk deneme ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n %10\u2019unda 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 ve
\n% 47\u2019sinin 15-19 ya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k merkezlerinin \u00e7ok az bir k\u0131sm\u0131 18 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki hastalara hizmet vermektedir. \u00c7ocuklara hizmet veren yatakl\u0131 birim say\u0131s\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaktan olduk\u00e7a uzak oldu\u011fu,<\/p>\n

–\u00a0 Bir\u00e7ok hastanede halen sentetik kannabinoidler (SK) kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek t\u0131bbi yard\u0131m aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na giren ki\u015filere herhangi bir tarama test uygulanamamaktad\u0131r. Bu durum tan\u0131, tedavi ve hastan\u0131n tedavi s\u00fcrecini takipte t\u0131bbi ve adli a\u00e7\u0131dan zorluk yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n

– \u00dclkemizde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131 ile u\u011fra\u015fmak zor, zahmetli olup cazip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu alanda i\u015f \u00fcreten, katk\u0131 koyan sa\u011fl\u0131k insan g\u00fcc\u00fc ve akademik personel say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu,
\n– Tedavi merkezlerinin maddi, idari ve teknik kapasite yetersizlikleri nedeniyle ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bireylerin tedavi sonras\u0131 bak\u0131m ve rehabilitasyonu i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan hizmetlerin gerekti\u011fi \u015fekilde verilemedi\u011fi,
\n– Rehabilitasyon \u00fccretlerinin SGK taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n

– Bireyler, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulmalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda hayata yeniden tutunma ve toplumsal ya\u015famla kuvvetli ba\u011flar kurma konusunda yeterince desteklenemedi\u011fi,
\n– Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele alan\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir zaman tam olarak toplumsal bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi, m\u00fccadelenin b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmedi\u011fi ve yerel dinamiklerin s\u00fcrece d\u00e2hil edilemedi\u011fi,
\n–\u00a0 Madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131, gerek tedavi i\u00e7in merkezlere eri\u015fimde zorluklar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131ndan; gerekse, tedavi sonras\u0131 sosyal rehabilitasyon a\u015famas\u0131 takip edilmedi\u011finden tekrar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede madde kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n


\nAlkol-madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00f6zel \u00fcretilmi\u015f ila\u00e7lar \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fildir, bir\u00e7ok maddeye \u00f6zg\u00fc ila\u00e7 ise yoktur, maddeyi b\u0131rakman\u0131n as\u0131l yolu ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini de\u011fi\u015ftirmektir.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k boyutu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6neriler;\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Madde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve madde kullan\u0131m bozuklu\u011funu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ciddi bir sorunu olarak ele al\u0131p uzun vadeli ve kal\u0131c\u0131 devlet politikalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeli ve gerekli \u00f6nleme ve tedavi programlar\u0131 \u00fcretilmelidir.<\/p>\n

– \u00d6zellikle g\u00f6\u00e7 alan ve n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde, ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyal yap\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak yeni tedavi\/ toplum temelli m\u00fcdahale merkezleri olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7ocuk ve ergen tedavi merkezlerine \u00f6nem verilmelidir.<\/p>\n

– Tedavi merkezlerinin maddi, idari ve teknik kapasite yetersizlikleri giderilmelidir.<\/p>\n

– Hastalara sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir tedavi uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in tedavi kurumlar\u0131nda sentetik kannabinoidler\u00a0 ( SK) tarama testleri h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele kamuda salt bir asayi\u015f ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sorununa indirgenmeden b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl yakla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131, toplumun t\u00fcm kesimleri, sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan meslek gruplar\u0131, yerel y\u00f6netimler ve devletin ilgili organlar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile sorun \u00e7\u00f6zme politikalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

– Tedavinin etkili ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131bbi tedavisi sonras\u0131nda rehabilitasyon hizmetlerinin\/programlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc hizmetlerinden yararland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, sosyal uyum projelerine \u00f6ncelik verilmesi gerekmektedir.\u00a0 Rehabilitasyon hizmetleri t\u0131bbi tedavinin devam\u0131d\u0131r ve SUT kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– SUT fiyatlar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hastane i\u015fletmecileri i\u015fletmeye para getiren b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri daha \u00e7ok tercih etmektedirler. Ticari anlamda \u201ckar\u201d getirmeyen birimlerin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fazla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemektedir. \u00d6ncelikle SUT fiyatlar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan akademik personel ile sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zendirici tedbirler getirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

– Toplumun bu konularda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak bilin\u00e7lendirilmesi ve \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmas\u0131nda medyaya \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Medya bu konuda g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00f6ylemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131narak ilgili kurumlarla i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde bilimsel ger\u00e7eklikle hareket ederek topluma bilgi sunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 do\u011fru olarak bilgilendirecek, y\u00f6nlendirecek ve koruyacak projeler olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– SK kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili olarak acil servislere, psikiyatri polikliniklerine ve aile hekimlerine \u00e7ok say\u0131da hasta ba\u015fvurmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde, \u00f6nleme programlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tedavi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuran SK kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131m konusunda ilgili t\u0131bbi bran\u015flar\u0131n birlikte hareket edebilece\u011fi multidisipliner bir tedavi plan\u0131 olu\u015fturma zorunlulu\u011fu acilen gerekmektedir<\/p>\n

-Toplumsal sahiplenme olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele k\u0131smi ama\u00e7larla ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7lerle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir \u00e7abaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekte, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunu ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131n ve bunlar\u0131n ailelerinin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ve katland\u0131klar\u0131 bir sorun haline gelmektedir.
\n–\u00a0 T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fclkemizin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun olarak olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na ve ilgili t\u00fcm kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 ciddiyetle ele almalar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu bir kez daha g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar;
\n– 2013 T\u00fcrkiye Uyu\u015fturucu Raporu TUB\u0130M,
\n– Devlet Denetleme Kurulunun \u2018\u2019Madde ve di\u011fer ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar ile m\u00fccadele kapasitesinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi\u2019\u2019 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme raporu, 30.01.2014.
\n– Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2013 istatistik y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131,
\n– T\u00fcrkiye Psikiyatri Derne\u011fi Alkol Madde Kullan\u0131m Bozukluklar\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Birimi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131,<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

15 Eyl\u00fcl 2014 Pazartesi Mevcut tedavi merkezleri say\u0131, yatak ve uzman say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetersizdir. Dr Erg\u00fcn DEM\u0130R*\u00a0 Dr G\u00fcray KILI\u00c7**...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-basinda-saglik"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4505"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4505\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4506,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4505\/revisions\/4506"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ced.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}